木质素与纤维素酶间相互作用及其抑制纤维素酶水解的研究进展

Research Progress in Interactions Between Lignin and Cellulase and Its Inhibition on Cellulose Enzymatic Hydrolysis

中文关键词:  木质素  纤维素酶  非共价作用  阳离子-π作用  木质素屏蔽剂

Key Words:lignin  cellulase  non-covalent interaction  cation-π interaction  lignin-blocking agent

中文摘要:

      对木质生物质进行预处理可破坏其致密结构、提高纤维素对酶的可及性，但预处理后残余木质素对纤维素酶产生严重的无效吸附，而探究木质素和纤维素酶间相互作用机制对于减少此种无效吸附具有重要意义。因此，本文着重概述了木质素和纤维素酶间的静电、疏水、氢键和阳离子-π作用，分析这些相互作用对预处理后固体基质进行酶水解反应的影响。基于两者间相互作用机制，进一步介绍表面活性剂、金属离子和非催化蛋白等木质素屏蔽剂降低木质素不利影响、提高预处理固体基质酶水解效率的研究进展。然而，木质素和纤维素酶间阴离子-π、π-π堆积和p-π共轭效应等非共价作用体系仍需进一步探索。总体而言，系统解析木质素与纤维素酶间的作用机制可为开发新型木质素屏蔽剂、改造酶分子结构及提高预处理效率等研究提供理论基础，促进木质纤维素燃料化学品产业的发展。

Abstract:

      Pretreatment is an effective way to deconstruct the dense structure of lignocellulose and improve the accessibility of cellulose to enzymes. After pretreatment， the residual lignin causes serious non-productive adsorption towards cellulase， hence it is essential to explore the interaction mechanism between lignin and cellulase so as to reduce the abovementioned adsorption. The electrostatic， hydrophobic， hydrogen bond， and cation-π interactions between lignin and cellulase and their effects on enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of pretreated solid substrate were emphatically reviewed in this paper. Based on the lignin-cellulase interaction mechanism， some surfactants， metal ions， and non-catalytic proteins were applied as lignin-blocking agents， which could effectively overcome the adverse effects of lignin and significantly improve the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of pretreated solid substrate. However， the non-covalent interaction system between lignin and cellulase such as anion-π， π-π stacking， and p-π conjugative effect， need to be further explored. In general， systematically and comprehensively analyzing the lignin-cellulase mechanism can provide a theoretical basis for developing lignin-shielding agents and modifying the enzymes， and improving pretreatment efficiency， promoting the development of the lignocellulosic fuel chemical industry.