木质素基水凝胶材料的设计策略及应用进展

Design Strategy and Application Progress of Lignin-based Hydrogel Materials

中文关键词:  木质素  水凝胶  制备方法  应用现状  局限性

Key Words:lignin  hydrogel  preparation method  application status  limitation

中文摘要:

      木质素是自然界中含量第二丰富的天然高分子聚合物，也是芳香族化合物中少有的可再生资源之一，作为制浆造纸行业的主要副产物，工业木质素价廉易得。鉴于木质素自身的三维网状结构及丰富的醇羟基、酚羟基、双键等活性官能团，其具备了抗菌、抗炎、吸附等诸多优势，是制备水凝胶的理想选材。但遗憾的是由于木质素结构复杂、空间阻力大、反应活性不足，其提纯处理较为困难、高值化和产业化利用水平较低。利用木质素及其衍生物制备水凝胶既拓宽了其应用范围，又能较好解决现阶段合成高分子水凝胶存在的生物相容性差等问题。基于此，本文从木质素的结构和性质出发、归纳了木质素基水凝胶材料的主要制备方法及优缺点，总结了其在生物医学、污水处理、农业、电子器件等方面的应用现状，并进一步提出了木质素基水凝胶材料现阶段研究中存在的局限性和今后可能的研究前景。

Abstract:

      Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymer in nature and one of the rare renewable resources among aromatic compounds. As the main by-product of pulp and paper industry， lignin is cheap and easy to obtain. Due to its three-dimensional network structure and abundant active functional groups such as alcohol hydroxyl group， phenol hydroxyl group and double bond， lignin has many advantages such as antibacterial， anti-inflammatory and adsorption， and is an ideal material for preparing hydrogels. Unfortunately， due to the complex structure， high spatial resistance and insufficient reactivity of lignin， it is difficult to purify. The high value and industrial utilization of lignin are low. Using lignin and its derivatives to prepare hydrogels not only broadens its application range， but also solves the problems such as poor biocompatibility problems existing in the synthetic polymer hydrogels. Based on this， starting from the structure and properties of lignin， this paper summarized the main preparation methods， advantages and disadvantages of lignin-based hydrogel materials， and summarized its application status in biomedicine， sewage treatment， agriculture， electronic devices and other aspects. The limitations of the current research on lignin-based hydrogels and the possible future research prospects were also proposed.