3种丛生竹化学成分与纤维形态研究

Study on Chemical Compositions and Fiber Morphologies of Bambusa Sinospinosa， Bambusa Blumeana and Dendrocalamus Yunnanicus Stem

中文关键词:  车筒竹  箣竹  越南巨竹  化学成分  纤维形态

Key Words:Bambusa sinospinosa  Bambusa blumeana  Dendrocalamus yunnanicus  chemical composition  fibre morphology

中文摘要:

      研究了大型丛生竹车筒竹、箣竹和越南巨竹的化学成分和纤维特征，并与青皮竹作比较；结果表明，车筒竹、箣竹和越南巨竹的综纤维素含量分别达73.43%、71.71%和67.37%，酸不溶木素分别为23.13%、21.39%和23.72%，均与青皮竹的相应值基本相当；抽出物中，3种竹材的苯-醇抽出物均较低，而热水抽出物和氢氧化钠抽出物较高；纤维特征方面，3种竹材纤维长度分别为2.37 mm、2.27 mm和2.49 mm，属于长纤维原料，且高于青皮竹；纤维长宽比分别达144、124和128，与青皮竹相当或略小，而壁腔比均小于青皮竹。从对造纸原料的要求看，3种竹材综纤维素含量较高，木素与抽出物含量较低或中等，纤维形态较好，适宜作为造纸原料。

Abstract:

      The chemical compositions and fibre morphologies of Bambusa sinospinosa，Bambusa blumeana and Dendrocalamus yunnanicus which are large sympodial bamboos were studied and compared with Bambusa textilis which is good fiber raw material for paper industry. The result showed that the holocellulose contents of three bamboos are 73.43%, 71.71% and 67.37%, and the contents of acid insoluble lignin are 23.13%, 21.39% and 23.72% respectively, which are all roughly equal to those of B. textilis. Concerning the extractives, the benzene-alcohol extractives are lower, and 1% NaOH and water (100℃) extractives are slightly higher. In terms of fibre morphologies, the fiber length of three sympodial bamboos are 2.37 mm, 2.27 mm and 2.49 mm respectively, which all belong to long-fibre plant materials, and are also longer than that of B. textilis. The ratio of fiber length to width of the three bamboos are 144, 124 and 128 respectively, which are equal or a little lower than that of B. textilis; for the ratio of wall thickness of fiber cell to the lumen diameter, the three bamboos are all lower. The three sympodial bamboos are suitable for use as pulping raw material.