绿竹不同部位竹材的物理化学特性研究

Physical and Chemical Properties of Different Parts of Green Bamboo

中文关键词:  绿竹  部位  竹青  竹肉  竹黄  竹节  差异

Key Words:green bamboo  positions  outer layer  middle layer  inner layer  nodes  difference

中文摘要:

      为了探究绿竹梢部、中部、根部及各部位竹材(竹青、竹肉、竹黄、竹节)的差异性,采用纤维测量仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）仪、电感耦合等离子体（ICP）发射光谱仪、X射线衍射（XRD）仪及扫描电镜（SEM）等对绿竹不同部位的竹材进行了纤维形态及化学成分的分析和比较。结果表明,绿竹不同部位竹材均由纤维素、木质素及半纤维素组成；绿竹根部竹肉的纤维素含量最高,梢部竹黄的纤维素含量最低；同一部位竹材中,竹肉的纤维素含量最高,而竹黄的纤维素含量最低；竹青、竹黄、竹节的木质素、半纤维素、灰分、抽出物、金属离子等非纤维素成分的总量高于竹肉的；竹肉、竹节的纤维素结晶度均高于竹青、竹黄的；竹青、竹黄、竹节的表面结构致密,表面密度大于竹肉的。与竹青、竹黄、竹节相比，竹肉在作为溶解浆原料方面具有更大的优势。绿竹各部位竹材的差异性对溶解浆化学成分的均一性及反应性能均会产生一定的影响。

Abstract:

      Fiber morphology and chemical composition of different parts of green bamboo （Bambusa oldhami） including tip, middle, root of bamboo, and outer layer (OL), middle layer (ML), inner layer (IL), and nodes from different positions of bamboo were analyzed and compared by using fiber measurement instrument, FT-IR, ICP emission spectrometer, XRD and SEM. The results showed that, OL, ML, IL, and nodes from different positions of bamboo mainly comprised of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose; the cellulose content of ML from bamboo root was the highest while cellulose content of IL from bamboo tip was the lowest; the amount of non-cellulose components from OL and IL including lignin, pentosan, ash, extraction and metal ion content were higher than ML; crystallinities of ML and nodes were higher than OL and IL in the middle position; surface densities of OL and IL were higher than ML. These results indicated that ML has the greatest advantage as the raw material to prepare dissolving pulp. Dissolving pulp uniformity and reactivity will be affected by the differences of different parts of bamboo when it was used as raw material.